[413] Canadian humour is an integral part of the Canadian identity and is reflected in its folklore, literature, music, art, and media. Chris Bolin/The Globe and Mail. From north to south it spans more than half the Northern Hemisphere. [465] The official national anthem, "O Canada", was originally commissioned by the lieutenant governor of Quebec, Thodore Robitaille, for the 1880 St. Jean-Baptiste Day ceremony and was officially adopted in 1980. [197], The Bank of Canada is the central bank of the country. [18] The term Dominion was used to distinguish the federal government from the provinces, though after the Second World War the term federal had replaced dominion. [242] Canada's total military expenditure is expected to reach $32.7billion by 2027. Sell your goods or services to the government [424] The penny, removed from circulation in 2013, featured the maple leaf. [457] Canada has developed a vast music infrastructure that includes church halls, chamber halls, conservatories, academies, performing arts centres, record companies, radio stations and television music video channels. The future of the permafrost is uncertain because the Arctic has been warming at three times the global average as a result of climate change in Canada. Through their language, art and music, Indigenous peoples continue to influence the Canadian identity. [13] By the 1950s, the term Dominion of Canada was no longer used by the United Kingdom, which considered Canada a "Realm of the Commonwealth". WebImmigrate to work and live in Canada . WebVisit our Campus. The United States and Canada traded goods and services of $680 billion in 2017 more than $1.8 billion per day. [18] The Act of Union 1840 merged the Canadas into a united Province of Canada and responsible government was established for all provinces of British North America east of Lake Superior by 1855. [304] Canada also accepts large numbers of refugees, accounting for over 10 percent of annual global refugee resettlements; it resettled more than 28,000 in 2018. [440], Canadian mass media, both print and digital and in both official languages, is largely dominated by a "handful of corporations". [177][178][179] Five parties had representatives elected to the Parliament in the 2021 electionthe Liberal Party, who currently form a minority government; the Conservative Party, who are the Official Opposition; the New Democratic Party; the Bloc Qubcois; and the Green Party of Canada. [90] On the advice of Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, war with Germany was declared effective September 10, 1939, by King George VI, seven days after the United Kingdom. [67] The signing of the Oregon Treaty by Britain and the United States in 1846 ended the Oregon boundary dispute, extending the border westward along the 49th parallel. Everyone has the following fundamental freedoms: The practice of religion is generally considered a private matter throughout society and the state. Quebec. [64] New arrivals included refugees escaping the Great Irish Famine as well as Gaelic-speaking Scots displaced by the Highland Clearances. [295] Canada has also produced one of the world's most successful and widely used sounding rockets, the Black Brant; over 1,000 Black Brants have been launched since the rocket's introduction in 1961. It is the second largest country in the world, but it has only one-half of one percent of the world's population. [235] As this was the first UN peacekeeping mission, Pearson is often credited as the inventor of the concept. [443], Non-news media content in Canada, including film and television, is influenced both by local creators as well as by imports from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and France. [184][188][189] The use of the executive powers is directed by the Cabinet, a committee of ministers of the Crown responsible to the elected House of Commons and chosen and headed by the prime minister (at present Justin Trudeau),[190] the head of government. Ottawa is its capital and Toronto is its largest city. The nation employs a professional, volunteer force of approximately 68,000 active personnel and 27,000 reserve personnel, increasing to 71,500 and 30,000 respectively under "Strong, Secure, Engaged" with a sub-component of approximately 5,000 Canadian Rangers. As much a piece of history as a natural wonder, Canadas. [193][194] The Constitution Act, 1982 requires that no more than five years pass between elections, although the Canada Elections Act limits this to four years with a fixed election date in October. Alberta and Saskatchewan became provinces in 1905. Canada's land area is 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles). [199] The bank does not issue Canadian coins; they are issued by the Royal Canadian Mint. In addition, Canada is the single largest foreign supplier of energy to the United States. [298] Canada spans latitudinally from the 83rd parallel north to the 41st parallel north, and approximately 95percent of the population is found south of the 55th parallel north. [212] Most notably, a series of eleven treaties known as the Numbered Treaties were signed between the Indigenous peoples and the reigning monarch of Canada between 1871 and 1921. As much a piece of history as a natural wonder, Canadas. [130], Canada can be divided into seven physiographic regions: the Canadian Shield, the interior plains, the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands, the Appalachian region, the Western Cordillera, Hudson Bay Lowlands and the Arctic Archipelago. Canada holds the third largest oil reserves after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, and is the only non-OPEC member in the top five. [21][22] The Paleo-Indian archeological sites at Old Crow Flats and Bluefish Caves are two of the oldest sites of human habitation in Canada. [274] Many towns in northern Canada, where agriculture is difficult, are sustained by nearby mines or sources of timber. [309] Fifty-onepercent of households are couples with or without children, 8.7percent are single-parent households, 2.9percent are multigenerational households, and 29.3percent are single-person households. [226][227] Canada nevertheless has an independent foreign policy. The Province of Canada (or the United Province of Canada or the United Canadas) was a British colony in British North America from 1841 to 1867. [132][133] There are also fresh-water glaciers in the Canadian Rockies, the Coast Mountains and the Arctic Cordillera. [92], The Canadian economy boomed during the war as its industries manufactured military materiel for Canada, Britain, China, and the Soviet Union. [45] In general, early settlements during the Age of Discovery appear to have been short-lived due to a combination of the harsh climate, problems with navigating trade routes and competing outputs in Scandinavia. [237], In 2001, Canada deployed troops to Afghanistan as part of the U.S. stabilization force and the UN-authorized, NATO-led International Security Assistance Force. WebBanff National Park. [85] Despite another Conscription Crisis in Quebec in 1944, Canada finished the war with a large army and strong economy. [234], During the Suez Crisis of 1956, future prime minister Lester B. Pearson eased tensions by proposing the inception of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force, for which he was awarded the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize. The United States and Canada traded goods and services of $680 billion in 2017 more than $1.8 billion per day. [34] First Nations and Mtis peoples played a critical part in the development of European colonies in Canada, particularly for their role in assisting European coureur des bois and voyageurs in their explorations of the continent during the North American fur trade. [459] The Canadian music industry is the sixth-largest in the world, producing internationally renowned composers, musicians and ensembles. To register, contact media@hrsdc-rhdcc.gc.ca with your name and media outlet before 10:00 a.m. EST on Thursday, January 19, 2023.Please indicate if attendance will be in-person or virtual. Of all Canadas top sights, Banff National Park justifiably ranks as many peoples number one. [142] Although Canada has a low percentage of endemic species compared to other countries,[143] due to human activities, invasive species and environmental issues in the country, there are currently more than 800 species at risk of being lost. Total cases. In my time at Caada College, I had the amazing opportunity to grow as a leader. [262] Like many other developed countries, the Canadian economy is dominated by the service industry, which employs about three-quarters of the country's workforce. Canada is a country in North America. [387], According to the 2021 census, Christianity is the largest religion in Canada, with Roman Catholics having the most adherents. [9] In 1535, Indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona. [209] In most rural and some urban areas, policing responsibilities are contracted to the federal Royal Canadian Mounted Police. [126][127] In addition to sharing the world's largest land border with the United Statesspanning 8,891km (5,525mi)Canada shares a land border with Greenland (and hence the Kingdom of Denmark) to the northeast on Hans Island[128] and a maritime boundary with France's overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon to the southeast. [81] The federal government did provide emergency relief, on condition of the Indigenous peoples moving to the reserves. [83], Because Britain still maintained control of Canada's foreign affairs under the British North America Act, 1867, its declaration of war in 1914 automatically brought Canada into World War I. [417] The use of the maple leaf as a Canadian symbol dates to the early 18th century. [247], The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act, 1867, whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada. [125] The Great Lakes feed the St. Lawrence River (in the southeast) where the lowlands host much of Canada's economic output. [99], Finally, another series of constitutional conferences resulted in the UK's Canada Act 1982, the patriation of Canada's constitution from the United Kingdom, concurrent with the creation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Includes workplace eligibility, steps to apply, processing times, and what you need to do before you work in Canada. [18] St. John's Island (now Prince Edward Island) became a separate colony in 1769. TORONTO - Canadas mens basketball team will play exhibition games against Spain and Argentina this summer in preparation for the 2023 FIBA World Cup. In all, over a million Canadians served in the armed forces during World War II and approximately 42,000 were killed and another 55,000 were wounded. Learn about labour mobility between provinces and territories. [138] Canada's annual average temperature over land has warmed by 1.7C (3.1F), with changes ranging from 1.1 to 2.3C (2.0 to 4.1F) in various regions, since 1948. [263] Among developed countries, Canada has an unusually important primary sector, of which the forestry and petroleum industries are the most prominent components. [62], The Canadas were the main front in the War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom. [369], Other provinces have no official languages as such, but French is used as a language of instruction, in courts, and for other government services, in addition to English. Canada is a country to the north of the United States. The 105 members of the Senate, whose seats are apportioned on a regional basis, serve until age 75. [450], The Canadian government has played a role in the development of Canadian culture through the department of Canadian Heritage, by giving grants to art galleries,[451] as well as establishing and funding art schools and colleges across the country, and through the Canada Council for the Arts (established in 1957), the national public arts funder, helping artists, art galleries and periodicals, and thus contributing to the development of Canada's cultural works. [191] The Prime Minister's Office (PMO) is thus one of the most powerful institutions in government, initiating most legislation for parliamentary approval and selecting for appointment by the Crown, besides the aforementioned, the governor general, lieutenant governors, senators, federal court judges, and heads of Crown corporations and government agencies. [152] Canada's oldest provincial park, Algonquin Provincial Park, established in 1893, covers an area of 7,653.45 square kilometres (2,955.01sqmi). The primary characteristics of Canadian humour are irony, parody, and satire. [435], Canada's media is highly autonomous, uncensored, diverse and very regionalized. Given its abundant natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital stock, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. [261] Canada's exports totalled over $637billion, while its imported goods were worth over $631billion, of which approximately $391billion originated from the United States. Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. WebApply to travel, study, work or immigrate to Canada, apply for citizenship, a permanent resident card or refugee protection, check the status of your application or find a form. [349] The major panethnic groups chosen were: European (52.5percent), North American (22.9percent), Asian (19.3percent), North American Indigenous (6.1percent), African (3.8percent), Latin, Central and South American (2.5percent), Caribbean (2.1percent), Oceanian (0.3percent), and other (6percent). A house was sold without the owners' consent. After a tumultuous first two seasons on the job, Matt Canada will return as the Pittsburgh Steelers' offensive coordinator in 2023, according to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. More details on the reporting schedule. [49] Among the colonists of New France, Canadiens extensively settled the Saint Lawrence River valley and Acadians settled the present-day Maritimes, while fur traders and Catholic missionaries explored the Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and the Mississippi watershed to Louisiana. Given its abundant natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital stock, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. Please select all that apply: In Ontario, French has some legal status, but is not fully co-official. January 16, 2023, 3:32 p.m. EST. Internet TLD. Provincial legislatures are unicameral and operate in parliamentary fashion similar to the House of Commons. [230] Canada is noted for having a positive relationship with the Netherlands, owing, in part, to its contribution to the Dutch liberation during World War II. [92], Canada's strong attachment to the British Empire and Commonwealth led to major participation in British military efforts in the Second Boer War (18991902), World War I (19141918) and World War II (19391945). A highly developed country, Canada has the 24th highest nominal per capita income globally and the fifteenth-highest ranking on the Human Development Index. [297][307], The majority of Canadians (81.1percent) live in family households, 12.1percent report living alone, and those living with other relatives or unrelated persons reported at 6.8percent. ", "The Crown and the Constitution: Sustaining Democracy? [333][334] Education in Canada is generally divided into primary education, followed by secondary education and post-secondary. Canada is the largest foreign supplier of energy to the US, including oil, natural gas, and electric power, and a top source of US uranium imports. It is to the north of the United States. They were joined briefly by Frank Johnston and by commercial artist Franklin Carmichael. Of all Canadas top sights, Banff National Park justifiably ranks as many peoples number one. [195], Canadian federalism divides government responsibilities between the federal government and the ten provinces. Due to changes in testing policies across Canada, case counts shown may be lower than actual numbers. All judges at the superior and appellate levels are appointed after consultation with non-governmental legal bodies. English and French are its [349][350] Statistics Canada reports that 35.5percent of the population reported multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100percent. [320] Eightypercent of Canadian adults self-report having at least one major risk factor for chronic disease: smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy eating or excessive alcohol use. Of all Canadas top sights, Banff National Park justifiably ranks as many peoples number one. [442] In addition to the CBC, some provincial governments offer their own public educational TV broadcast services as well, such as TVOntario and Tl-Qubec. [388] Other faiths include Islam (4.9percent), Hinduism (2.3percent), Sikhism (2.1percent), Buddhism (1.0percent), Judaism (0.9percent), and Indigenous spirituality (0.2percent). [270], Canada is one of the few developed nations that are net exporters of energy. The federal Cabinet also appoints justices to superior courts in the provincial and territorial jurisdictions. [299] Canada has one of the highest per-capita immigration rates in the world,[300] driven mainly by economic policy and also family reunification. From east to west it stretches almost 4,700 miles (7,560 kilometers) across six time zones. Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. [445] Canadian tax laws limit foreign competition in magazine advertising. .ca. ", "Consolidated federal laws of canada, THE CONSTITUTION ACTS, 1867 to 1982", "Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts", "The Daily 2011 National Household Survey: Immigration, place of birth, citizenship, ethnic origin, visible minorities, language and religion", Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs, "Sikh Community Profile Infographic English", "A literature review of Public Opinion Research on Canadian attitudes towards multiculturalism and immigration, 20062009", "The mother beaver Collection Profiles", "Canada in the Making: Pioneers and Immigrants", "Maple Leaf Tartan becomes official symbol", Disruption: Change and churning in Canada's media landscape, "Freedom of expression and media freedom", "Putting a spotlight on Canada's Artistic Heritage", "Canadian sport participation Most frequently played sports in Canada (2010)", "Why Toronto should get excited about the Pan Am Games", "World Cup 2026: Canada, US & Mexico joint bid wins right to host tournament", Canadiana: The National Bibliography of Canada, Official website of the Government of Canada, Official website of the Governor General of Canada, Official website of the Prime Ministers of Canada, Canada's official website for travel and tourism, International Council for Canadian Studies, World Wars and Interwar Years (19141945), Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Commonwealth Secretariat Member Countries, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canada&oldid=1134353852, English-speaking countries and territories, Former British colonies and protectorates in the Americas, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1867, Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2018, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing Laurentian-language text, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 07:44. [57] More importantly, the Quebec Act afforded Quebec special autonomy and rights of self-administration at a time when the Thirteen Colonies were increasingly agitating against British rule. [275], In 2019, Canada spent approximately $40.3billion on domestic research and development, of which over $7billion was provided by the federal and provincial governments. English and French are its A house was sold without the owners' consent. [464] "The Maple Leaf Forever", written in 1866, was a popular patriotic song throughout English Canada and for many years served as an unofficial national anthem. [116] Canada sent troops to Afghanistan in 2001 but declined to join the United Statesled invasion of Iraq in 2003. [192], Each of the 338 members of Parliament in the House of Commons is elected by simple plurality in an electoral district or riding. thng tin) cn gi l Gia N i) l quc gia c din tch ln th hai trn th gii, v nm cc bc ca Bc M. [470] Other sports such as volleyball, skiing, cycling, swimming, badminton, tennis, bowling and the study of martial arts are all widely enjoyed at the youth and amateur levels. [202] The Statute of Westminster, 1931 granted full autonomy, and the Constitution Act, 1982 ended all legislative ties to Britain, as well as adding a constitutional amending formula and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. [303] New immigrants settle mostly in major urban areas in the country, such as Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Deaths. Education in both English and French is available in most places across Canada. The earliest work of patriotic music in Canada, "The Bold Canadian", was written in 1812. thng tin) cn gi l Gia N i) l quc gia c din tch ln th hai trn th gii, v nm cc bc ca Bc M. [254] It is one of the least corrupt countries in the world[255] and is one of the world's largest trading nations, with a highly globalized economy. [412] During the 20th century, Canadians with African, Caribbean and Asian nationalities have added to the Canadian identity and its culture. [137], Much of Northern Canada is covered by ice and permafrost. [276] As of 2020[update], the country has produced fifteen Nobel laureates in physics, chemistry, and medicine,[277] and was ranked fourth worldwide for scientific research quality in a major 2012 survey of international scientists. [416] Modern symbols emphasize the country's geography, cold climate, lifestyles and the Canadianization of traditional European and Indigenous symbols. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, education, gender equality and environmental sustainability. To register, contact media@hrsdc-rhdcc.gc.ca with your name and media outlet before 10:00 a.m. EST on Thursday, January 19, 2023.Please indicate if attendance will be in-person or virtual. [338] Four universities are regularly ranked among the top 100 world-wide, namely University of Toronto, University of British Columbia, McGill University and McMaster University, with a total of 18 universities ranked in the top 500 worldwide. [373], Additionally, Canada is home to many sign languages, some of which are Indigenous. [88], The Great Depression in Canada during the early 1930s saw an economic downturn, leading to hardship across the country. 49,871. [337] The largest university is the University of Toronto with over 85,000 students. Moving between provinces. It is to the north of the United States. Total cases. [328] An increasing problem in Canada's health system is a lack of healthcare professionals. "They serve FranceHow can I serve Canada? Canada is a country in North America. [27], The desire for responsible government resulted in the abortive Rebellions of 1837. [225], Canada and the United States share the world's longest undefended border, co-operate on military campaigns and exercises, and are each other's largest trading partner. [236] Canada has since served in over 50 peacekeeping missions, including every UN peacekeeping effort until 1989,[85] and has since maintained forces in international missions in Rwanda, the former Yugoslavia, and elsewhere; Canada has sometimes faced controversy over its involvement in foreign countries, notably in the 1993 Somalia affair. [319] A 2016 report by the chief public health officer found that 88percent of Canadians, one of the highest proportions of the population among G7 countries, indicated that they "had good or very good health". Its land reaches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. [84] Volunteers sent to the Western Front later became part of the Canadian Corps, which played a substantial role in the Battle of Vimy Ridge and other major engagements of the war. [340] Canada spends about 5.3percent of its GDP on education. [474] Canadian teams in these leagues include seven franchises in the National Hockey League, as well as three Major League Soccer teams and one team in each of Major League Baseball and the National Basketball Association. [471] Great achievements in Canadian sports are recognized by Canada's Sports Hall of Fame,[472] while the Lou Marsh Trophy is awarded annually to Canada's top athlete by a panel of journalists. Visible minorities are defined by Statistics Canada as "persons, other than aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour". A booster dose can help strengthen our protection against severe forms of COVID-19 Report a problem or mistake on this page. Virtual Tour Schedule a Tour. [460] Music broadcasting in the country is regulated by the CRTC. [419] The Arms of Canada are closely modelled after the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom with French and distinctive Canadian elements replacing or added to those derived from the British version. Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. It is the second largest country in the world, but it has only one-half of one percent of the world's population. [37] These attempts reached a climax in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with forced integration and relocations. [371] Several Indigenous languages have official status in the Northwest Territories. [87] The Military Service Act brought in compulsory military service, though it, coupled with disputes over French language schools outside Quebec, deeply alienated Francophone Canadians and temporarily split the Liberal Party. [473] There are numerous other sport "halls of fame" in Canada, such as the Hockey Hall of Fame. [58] It re-established the French language, Catholic faith, and French civil law there, staving off the growth of an independence movement in contrast to the Thirteen Colonies. [82] During this time, Canada introduced the Indian Act extending its control over the First Nations to education, government and legal rights. [162][163] Peace, order, and good government, alongside an Implied Bill of Rights, are founding principles of the Canadian government. Deaths. The Arctic Ocean is to the north of Canada. [325] Canada has performed close to, or above the average on the majority of OECD health indicators since the early 2000s, ranking above the average on OECD indicators for wait-times and access to care, with average scores for quality of care and use of resources. On the east and west coasts, average high temperatures are generally in the low 20s C (70s F), while between the coasts, the average summer high temperature ranges from 25 to 30C (77 to 86F), with temperatures in some interior locations occasionally exceeding 40C (104F). This fact, coupled with the grandeur of the landscape, has been central to the sense of Canadian [238] In August 2007, Canada's territorial claims in the Arctic were challenged after a Russian underwater expedition to the North Pole; Canada has considered that area to be sovereign territory since 1925. Canada's land area is 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles). [374] American Sign Language (ASL) is used across the country due to the prevalence of ASL in primary and secondary schools. [15][16][17], The Canada Act 1982, which brought the constitution of Canada fully under Canadian control, referred only to Canada. 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